[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"trial:NCT05588063":3,"trial-entities:NCT05588063":174,"trial-summary:NCT05588063":179},{"id":4,"nct_id":4,"org_study_id":5,"brief_title":6,"official_title":7,"overall_status":8,"completion_date":9,"status_verified_date":10,"last_update_date":11,"start_date":12,"sponsor_name":13,"lead_sponsor_class":14,"has_dmc":15,"brief_summary":16,"detailed_description":17,"conditions":18,"keywords":22,"study_type":26,"primary_purpose":27,"phases":28,"enrollment_info":30,"interventions":33,"primary_outcomes":48,"secondary_outcomes":53,"sex":89,"minimum_age":90,"maximum_age":91,"healthy_volunteers":92,"eligibility_criteria":93,"std_ages":114,"locations":116,"central_contacts":166,"overall_officials":171,"references":172,"see_also_links":173},"NCT05588063","22-0488","taVNS for FRNS in Children","A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Frequently Relapsing Nephrotic Syndrome in Children","RECRUITING","2027-08-01","2026-04","2026-04-15","2023-01-05","Northwell Health","OTHER",true,"Children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) are exposed to prolonged courses of steroids and other immunosuppressant medications. Given the adverse side effect profiles and variable efficacy of these medications, there is an urgent need to identify novel and safe therapies to treat nephrotic syndrome in children. Stimulation of the vagus nerve, which can be activated non invasively by transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), has immunomodulatory effects mediated by the inflammatory reflex and spleen. taVNS has become a therapy of interest for treating chronic immune mediated illnesses. The aims of the study are (1) To determine the feasibility of protocol implementation and tolerability of taVNS in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in children (2) To establish proof-of-concept and generate statistical estimates of variance parameters and effect sizes for treatment response outcomes in children with nephrotic syndrome randomized to taVNS therapy compared with sham therapy (3) To investigate the effects of taVNS on inflammatory markers in children with nephrotic syndrome.","Study Design A parallel, double blinded, randomized placebo controlled trial comparing daily taVNS use with sham therapy will be conducted in children 3 to17 years of age with FRNS. Thirty participants with FRNS (defined as having 2 or more relapses in 6 months within 6 months of diagnosis or 4 or more relapses in any 12 month period) will be randomized 1 to 1 to taVNS or sham therapy. Participants will be enrolled at two pediatric tertiary hospitals over a two year time period, with completion of the study by year three. All participants will perform daily taVNS therapy (active for taVNS arm or inactive for sham arm) for 5 minutes each day for a total of 26 weeks. Participants will monitor heart rate with each treatment and log home urine results. Participants will be monitored monthly with in person study visits at Weeks 8, 16 and 26 alternating with virtual remote video visits at Weeks 4, 12 and 20. Biosample specimens will be collected at baseline, 8 weeks, 16 weeks and 26 weeks. There will be a follow up period of an additional 26 weeks. All participants will be given the option to receive the active taVNS treatment at the end of the randomized period.\n\nIntervention The device is the Roscoe Medical Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) 7000 unit, a FDA approved commercially available handheld electrical pulse generator. A custom-produced silicone-equivalent electrode ear clip manufactured at Feinstein will be placed at the cymba concha of the left ear with electrode gel to provide stimulation (or sham) to the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. taVNS will be performed on the left side because there is less of a risk of cardiac side effects. Maximum power density limit calculations were performed based on data from the FDA as a function of pulse width, current amplitude, electrode size, and effective impedance, suggesting an electrode size of greater than 58 mm2 must be used. The custom-made electrodes for this study are larger than this limit, thus ensuring safety. The device will be set to a frequency of 30 Hz and pulse width of 300 μs based on previous literature. All participants in both trials will perform the intervention therapy for 5 minutes each day. The timing and duration of treatment are based upon the known half-life of the biological cytokine response, previous literature demonstrating efficacy of daily 5 minute treatments and our prior work. The study period will be 26 weeks. This time period was chosen based on the definition of FRNS using a 6-month period, prior clinical trials and ethical concerns for enrolling placebo controls for a longer period of time. All participants will be told that they may or may not feel stimulation from the device. Participants will be asked not to mention any aspects of the stimulation procedures to study investigators\u002Fphysicians (except to the trainer) to maintain blinding. The device has a Patient Compliance Meter that can record the number of times it was used. This will be used to monitor compliance.\n\ntaVNS Group: The intensity setting for pulse amplitude will be adjusted to the participant's tolerance (if a sensation is felt) to a maximum level of 2.5. In patients who are under the age at which they can verbalize perceptual threshold and tolerability (\\\u003C5 years), the investigators will initiate intensity at the lowest setting and incrementally increase the value until the level at which perceptual threshold, defined by changes in facial expression, patient becomes fidgety, or displays behaviors which denote sensation is being perceived. Then, the intensity level will be decreased till the perceptual indicators are no longer present, and the resultant level will be used for the treatment. A maximum power density of 150 milliwatts (mW)\u002Fcm2 will be utilized for patients under the age of 5 years, a level that is substantially below the 250 mW\u002Fcm2 maximum level defined by the FDA to prevent injury. Participants and guardians will be instructed to adjust intensity to highest level of tolerance each time the device is used and level will be logged.\n\nSham group: The sham device will be altered internally so that electrical stimulation is not delivered, but the device will appear to function (Feinstein Bioengineering). Externally, the sham device will look identical to the taVNS device. The participant will be told to increase the intensity until tolerated if a sensation is felt, but will be asked to stop at a maximum level of 3. This inactive sham method was chosen because previous studies have shown that stimulation with placement of the ear clip on other parts of the ear such as the earlobe, although not innervated by the vagus nerve, results in some vagus nerve activity. Inactive sham methodology has been used in previous studies.\n\nStudy Phases The study will consist of three parts. Part 1 - Screening Period- up to 8 weeks. Informed consent\u002Fassent will be obtained at screening prior to the conduct of any study-related procedures. Participants will be screened to confirm inclusion\u002Fexclusion criteria are met. Participants must be off steroid treatment for 14 days prior to Day 1 and the participant must be in remission (negative urine protein creatinine (UPC) on first morning urine) on Day 1.\n\nPart 2 - Randomized Control Period - 26 weeks: Thirty participants with FRNS who meet all of the eligibility criteria will be randomized 1:1 to either taVNS or sham treatment. A trainer will instruct the parent\u002Fguardian on use of the device at the randomization visit. Participants will use the intervention device as directed for 5 minutes per day for 26 weeks. Participants will be monitored monthly with in-person study visits at Weeks 8, 16 and 26 alternating with virtual remote video visits at Weeks 4, 12 and 20. The visit window will be +\u002F- 7 days. At each in person visit, the following will be conducted:\n\n* Vital signs and physical examination\n* Assessment for nephrotic syndrome relapses. Home urine protein logs will be reviewed.\n* Blood and urine samples will be collected at each in person visit.\n* Assessment of study intervention adherence. Parents\u002Fguardians will meet with the trainer and will be reoriented on taVNS device use at each visit as a safety measure. The device counter number will be recorded as a measure of adherence.\n* Monitor for adverse events and tolerability: Parents\u002Fguardians will share a study log with investigators, which describes daily taVNS use, side effects, and any changes in heart rate.\n\nAt each virtual remote video visit, we will observe the participant while doing the intervention procedure, assess for nephrotic syndrome relapses, and monitor for any adverse events.\n\nThere will be a 4 week acclimation phase. If the participant relapses during this period, they will be treated with standard of care steroids and continue the intervention. If the participant relapses a second time or relapses after the acclimation phase, they will be terminated from the randomization phase and entered into the follow up period.\n\nPart 3 - Follow Up Period - 26 weeks: At the completion of the randomized period, participants will be followed for an additional 26 weeks to assess clinical status. For those who stop the intervention, study visits will occur in-person during regularly scheduled clinical visits or via telehealth visit every 8 weeks, whichever is sooner. Participants will be assessed for the number of nephrotic syndrome relapses and home urine protein logs will be reviewed. First morning UPC will be recorded. All participants will be given the option to receive the active taVNS treatment at the end of the randomized period. Unblinding of treatment assignment from the randomized phase will not occur prior to consent for open-label use. As open-label extension trials may introduce significant bias, data obtained from these participants will not be considered part of this research and no statistical analysis will be carried out. However, clinical status and safety will continue to be monitored. In person study visits will occur every 8 weeks for those continuing use of taVNS.\n\nParticipant Discontinuation\u002FWithdrawal from the Study Participation is completely voluntary and participants may decide to withdraw at any time. If a participant becomes steroid dependent at any point, they will be withdrawn from the study by investigators and offered alternative immunosuppressive therapy as per standard of care. If a participant in the SRNS group has deterioration in clinical status (e.g. worsening edema, rising creatinine), the treating physician may recommend withdrawal from the study at any point.\n\nThe pilot trial is not powered to determine statistically significant differences in efficacy endpoints comparing taVNS with sham therapy. Efficacy analyses will be reserved for the subsequent main trial. Rather, sample sizes were chosen to appropriately assess the feasibility, tolerability and variance effect size endpoints of the pilot trials.",[19,20,21],"Nephrotic Syndrome in Children","Minimal Change Disease","Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis",[23,24,25],"vagus nerve stimulation","pediatric","nephrology","INTERVENTIONAL","TREATMENT",[29],"NA",{"count":31,"type":32},30,"ESTIMATED",[34,42],{"type":35,"name":36,"description":37,"armGroupLabels":38,"otherNames":40},"DEVICE","Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation","The device to be used is the Roscoe Medical TENS 7000, a commercially available handheld electrical pulse generator, and an ear clip to be placed at the left ear for stimulation. Custom-made ear clips with electrode gel will be placed near the entrance to the canal of the ear to provide stimulation to the auricular branch. The handheld electrical pulse generator will be programmed to deliver electrical stimulation pulses to the cymba concha stimulating the auricular branch of the vagus nerve.",[39],"Intervention Group",[41],"Roscoe TENS 7000",{"type":35,"name":43,"description":44,"armGroupLabels":45,"otherNames":47},"Sham device","The device will appear to function but no electrical stimulation will be delivered.",[46],"Sham Group",[41],[49],{"measure":50,"description":51,"timeFrame":52},"Success of Pilot Trial","1. Unsuccessful, main study not practicable (1) None of the benchmarks are met, or (2) One or more of the benchmarks are not met and there is low likelihood of reaching benchmarks even with protocol modifications or (3) Serious adverse events related to the treatment.\n2. Probable Success main study practicable with modifications to protocol. One or more of the benchmarks are not met, but there is a high likelihood that the benchmark can be met with protocol modifications.\n3. Successful main study practicable without modifications. All of the benchmarks are met.","Baseline through 26 weeks",[54,57,60,63,65,68,70,72,74,76,78,80,83,85],{"measure":55,"description":56,"timeFrame":52},"Proof-of-Concept Decision Criteria using relative risk for relapse","The decision to move forward with a larger trial will be made based on pre-determined proof of concept decision criteria. Once data from the pilot trial is observed and collected, 1,000 bootstrap resamples with replacement will be carried out to construct the empirical 95% confidence interval (CI) for the relative risk. Using a non-parametric approach, the lower 2.5th percentile and upper 97.5th percentile will be used to construct the CI, and a GO or NO GO decision to conduct the larger scale trial will be made based on a primary end point. The primary end-point is no relapses within 26 weeks. Based on previous literature, it is presumed that 50% in the intervention arm and 25% of those in sham therapy will reach the primary end-point in each trial, which is equivalent to a relative risk of 2.0.",{"measure":58,"description":59,"timeFrame":52},"Estimates of Variance for proportion with nephrotic syndrome relapse","Frequency counts and proportions with 95 percent confidence intervals",{"measure":61,"description":62,"timeFrame":52},"Estimates of Variance for time to nephrotic syndrome relapse","Mean and standard deviation",{"measure":64,"description":62,"timeFrame":52},"Estimates of Variance for time to achieve remission once a relapse occurs",{"measure":66,"description":67,"timeFrame":52},"Recruitment rate","Percent",{"measure":69,"description":67,"timeFrame":52},"Drop out rate",{"measure":71,"description":67,"timeFrame":52},"Rate of completion of study",{"measure":73,"description":67,"timeFrame":52},"Successful double-blinding",{"measure":75,"description":67,"timeFrame":52},"Treatment adherence from home logs",{"measure":77,"description":67,"timeFrame":52},"Adverse events",{"measure":79,"description":67,"timeFrame":52},"Incidence of withdrawal due to adverse events",{"measure":81,"description":82,"timeFrame":52},"Cytokines","Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6 mean and standard deviation",{"measure":84,"description":62,"timeFrame":52},"Anti-nephrin antibodies",{"measure":86,"description":87,"timeFrame":88},"Whole monocyte stimulation assay","Intracellular cytokines at 0 and 2 hours","0 hour and 2 hours","ALL","3 Years","17 Years",false,{"inclusion":94,"exclusion":102,"raw_text":113},[95,96,97,98,99,100,101],"FRNS","Age 3-17 years","Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 ml\u002Fmin\u002F1.73 m2","Minimal change disease (MCD) or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) diagnosis (clinical diagnosis or per biopsy)","Steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (prior history of remission within 4 weeks of steroid therapy)","In remission at time of enrollment (remission defined as UPC \\\u003C0.2 or negative dipstick for 3 consecutive days)","Informed consent from the parent or guardian and assent from a minor of ≥ 7. years",[103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112],"Secondary forms of nephrotic syndrome","SRNS","Steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome (relapse within 14 days of stopping steroids or relapse while on steroids)","Exposure to steroids within 14 days of enrollment","Receiving any standing immunosuppression (previous exposure \\> 2 months allowed and\u002For B cell repletion)","Any known inflammatory condition (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosis)","History of cardiac disease (arrhythmias, structural\u002Ffunctional abnormalities)","Implantable electronic devices","Pregnancy","Participants\u002Fguardians or participants who, in the opinion of the Investigator, may be non-compliant with study schedules or procedures","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* FRNS\n* Age 3-17 years\n* Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 ml\u002Fmin\u002F1.73 m2\n* Minimal change disease (MCD) or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) diagnosis (clinical diagnosis or per biopsy)\n* Steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (prior history of remission within 4 weeks of steroid therapy)\n* In remission at time of enrollment (remission defined as UPC \\\u003C0.2 or negative dipstick for 3 consecutive days)\n* Informed consent from the parent or guardian and assent from a minor of ≥ 7. years\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Secondary forms of nephrotic syndrome\n* SRNS\n* Steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome (relapse within 14 days of stopping steroids or relapse while on steroids)\n* Exposure to steroids within 14 days of enrollment\n* Receiving any standing immunosuppression (previous exposure \\> 2 months allowed and\u002For B cell repletion)\n* Any known inflammatory condition (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosis)\n* History of cardiac disease (arrhythmias, structural\u002Ffunctional abnormalities)\n* Implantable electronic devices\n* Pregnancy\n* Participants\u002Fguardians or participants who, in the opinion of the Investigator, may be non-compliant with study schedules or procedures",[115],"CHILD",[117,152],{"facility":118,"status":8,"city":119,"state":120,"zip":121,"country":122,"contacts":123,"geoPoint":149},"Cohen Children's Medical Center","New Hyde Park","New York","11040","United States",[124,129,132,135,137,139,141,143,145,147],{"name":125,"role":126,"phone":127,"email":128},"Suzanne Vento, RN","CONTACT","718-470-3491","svento@northwell.edu",{"name":130,"role":131},"Christine Sethna, MD, EdM","PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR",{"name":133,"role":134},"Kevin Tracey, MD","SUB_INVESTIGATOR",{"name":136,"role":134},"Sangeeta Chavan, PhD",{"name":138,"role":134},"Timir Datta-Chaudhuri, PhD",{"name":140,"role":134},"Stavros Zanos, MD, PhD",{"name":142,"role":134},"Cliff Deutschman, MD, PhD",{"name":144,"role":134},"Joanna FIshbein, MS",{"name":146,"role":134},"Martin Lesser, PhD",{"name":148,"role":134},"Matthew Taylor, MD",{"lat":150,"lon":151},40.7351,-73.68791,{"facility":153,"status":8,"city":154,"state":155,"zip":156,"country":122,"contacts":157,"geoPoint":163},"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","Philadelphia","Pennsylvania","19102",[158,162],{"name":159,"role":126,"phone":160,"email":161},"Kevin Meyers, MD","215-590-2449","meyersk@chop.edu",{"name":159,"role":134},{"lat":164,"lon":165},39.95238,-75.16362,[167,170],{"name":168,"role":126,"phone":127,"email":169},"Christine B Sethna, MD, EdM","csethna@northwell.edu",{"name":125,"role":126,"phone":127,"email":128},[],[],[],{"nct_id":4,"conditions":175,"biomarkers":178},[21,176,177],"Minimal Change Glomerulonephritis","Nephrotic Syndrome",[],{"nct_id":4,"found":15,"summary":180,"prompt_version":190},{"design":181,"status":182,"heading":183,"summary":184,"follow_up":185,"word_count":186,"commitments":187,"compensation":188,"drugs_mentioned":189},"This is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study comparing daily taVNS with a sham device. About 30 children will be enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either the active device or a device that looks the same but doesn't deliver electrical stimulation.","completed","Study of taVNS for Frequently Relapsing Nephrotic Syndrome in Children","This study is looking at a device called transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for children aged 3 to 17 who have frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS). FRNS is a kidney condition where the body loses too much protein in the urine, and it often comes back. The taVNS device, Roscoe Medical TENS 7000, delivers a small electrical pulse to the ear. Researchers want to see if this device can help reduce relapses and if it's a safe option, as current treatments can have side effects. To join, children must have FRNS, a specific kidney function (eGFR ≥30 ml\u002Fmin\u002F1.73 m2), and have responded to steroids before. The main goal is to see if this pilot study is successful over 26 weeks.","After the 26-week treatment period, there will be an additional 26-week follow-up period.",121,"Participants will use the device daily for 5 minutes over 26 weeks. You will have in-person visits at weeks 8, 16, and 26, and virtual visits at weeks 4, 12, and 20. Biosamples will be collected at baseline, 8, 16, and 26 weeks.","Not stated in the trial record.",[36],"v2"]