[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"trial:NCT05908500":3,"trial-entities:NCT05908500":107,"trial-summary:NCT05908500":111},{"id":4,"nct_id":4,"org_study_id":5,"brief_title":6,"official_title":7,"overall_status":8,"completion_date":9,"status_verified_date":10,"last_update_date":11,"start_date":12,"sponsor_name":13,"lead_sponsor_class":14,"has_dmc":15,"brief_summary":16,"detailed_description":17,"conditions":18,"keywords":20,"study_type":25,"primary_purpose":14,"phases":26,"enrollment_info":28,"interventions":31,"primary_outcomes":50,"secondary_outcomes":55,"sex":68,"minimum_age":69,"maximum_age":69,"healthy_volunteers":15,"eligibility_criteria":70,"std_ages":78,"locations":82,"central_contacts":101,"overall_officials":103,"references":105,"see_also_links":106},"NCT05908500","Lay Rescuer CPR Training 2026","Gathering Evidence on Best Practices for Lay Rescuer CPR Training","Generating Evidence to Optimize Lay Rescuer Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training: a Longitudinal Study of Frequency, Modality, and Design Features Impacting Skill Retention","NOT_YET_RECRUITING","2031-03-31","2025-05","2025-06-04","2026-04-01","University of Nevada, Reno","OTHER",true,"The goal of this prospective trial is to compare CPR skill and attitudes in lay rescuers. The main question\\[s\\] it aims to answer are:\n\n* What is the optimal training timing, duration, and frequency for lay rescuers that leads to CPR skill retention?\n* What is the impact of CPR manikin type (high-fidelity, inflatable, nontraditional objects) on skill retention?\n* How do specific features of training modality -- such as contextualization, gamification, and emotional engagement -- impact skill proficiency, knowledge retention, and attitudes about CPR?\n\nParticipants will\n\n* Answer pre-training questionnaires\n* Participate in CPR training\n* Participate in CPR skills testing\n* Answer post-training questionnaires\n\nResearchers will compare different methods of training, different frequencies of training, and different manikin types.","Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a major public health crisis in the United States, with over 350,000 cases annually and low survival rates. Lay rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can double survival, yet widespread gaps in training access, skill retention, and emotional readiness persist. While most U.S. states mandate high school CPR training, implementation quality varies, and traditional formats have remained unchanged for over 60 years. These methods are often time-consuming, expensive, and poorly suited for adolescents, leading to low participation and rapid skill decay.\n\nThis study addresses these critical gaps by comparing various CPR training methods and procedures. The project tests the effectiveness of different training frequencies, durations, and delivery modes-including traditional instructor-led sessions, brief refreshers, and a novel, emotionally immersive serious game. The serious game leverages gamification, competition, and scenario-based learning to build \"emotional muscle memory\" and prepare students for real-world emergencies.\n\nParticipants are enrolled from two high schools-one rural, one suburban-and randomized by class or individual into training arms with varied schedules and compression practice tools. These tools range from high-fidelity manikins to low-fidelity devices and improvised household objects. Outcomes include CPR performance metrics (compression rate, depth, recoil, and hand placement), knowledge retention, emotional engagement (measured via validated psychometric scales), and confidence in responding to cardiac arrest.\n\nTraining sessions are delivered during the academic year, and students are assessed immediately after training and again at annual follow-up points. Data are collected in a de-identified format using school-issued ID numbers, ensuring participant confidentiality. Analysis will use generalized estimating equations and mixed-effects models to assess the impact of training method and frequency on skill retention and psychosocial readiness. The study also explores the role of contextualization, emotional engagement, and gamification as mediators of improved CPR performance.\n\nUltimately, this multi-year trial aims to identify scalable, cost-effective strategies that optimize CPR training outcomes for lay rescuers. By improving technical skill retention and emotional preparedness, the study addresses key priorities for public health impact and aligns with NHLBI's strategic goals to reduce mortality from sudden cardiac arrest.",[19],"Cardiac Arrest, Out-Of-Hospital",[21,22,23,24],"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation","cardiopulmonary resuscitation training","Lay Rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation","lay rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation training","INTERVENTIONAL",[27],"NA",{"count":29,"type":30},2100,"ESTIMATED",[32,41],{"type":33,"name":34,"description":35,"armGroupLabels":36},"BEHAVIORAL","CPR Training","Various durations and frequencies of CPR training",[37,38,39,40],"Annual Serious Game Training","Annual Standard CPR training","Every 2 year standard CPR training","High-Frequency, Blended Training",{"type":42,"name":43,"description":44,"armGroupLabels":45},"DEVICE","CPR Manikin Type","Various types of CPR manikins are compared",[46,47,48,49],"Low-Fidelity Manikin","No-Head Manikin (Prototype)","Non-Traditional Object","Standard High-fidelity Manikin",[51],{"measure":52,"description":53,"timeFrame":54},"CPR Skill Retention","High-quality CPR as measured by compression rate (per minute), depth (inches), and correct hand placement. High-quality CPR is defined as correct rate (100-120\u002Fmin) AND \\>70% of compressions at appropriate depth (2-2.4inches) with appropriate hand placement.","1-4 years",[56,59,62,65],{"measure":57,"description":58,"timeFrame":54},"CPR Attitudes","Participant confidence and intention to perform CPR, measured using Likert-scale items and validated engagement questionnaires.",{"measure":60,"description":61,"timeFrame":54},"CPR Knowledge Retention","Percentage of correct answers on a standardized multiple-choice test assessing CPR knowledge and AED use.",{"measure":63,"description":64,"timeFrame":54},"Emotional Profile","Emotional responses captured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), measuring affective realism and readiness.",{"measure":66,"description":67,"timeFrame":54},"Learner Engagement","Subjective engagement and perceived relevance of CPR training, measured via Likert scales and the Narrative Engagement Scale.","ALL",null,{"inclusion":71,"exclusion":73,"raw_text":77},[72],"All students at participating schools",[74,75,76],"Previous CPR training (will be included in the CPR training but excluded from analysis)","Physical injury which prevents performing CPR","Student or parent opt-out","Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* All students at participating schools\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Previous CPR training (will be included in the CPR training but excluded from analysis)\n* Physical injury which prevents performing CPR\n* Student or parent opt-out",[79,80,81],"CHILD","ADULT","OLDER_ADULT",[83],{"facility":84,"city":85,"state":86,"zip":87,"country":88,"contacts":89,"geoPoint":98},"University of Nevada Reno","Reno","Nevada","89557","United States",[90,95],{"name":91,"role":92,"phone":93,"email":94},"Lorrel Toft","CONTACT","4103028456","ltoft@unr.edu",{"name":96,"role":97},"Lorrel Toft, MD","PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR",{"lat":99,"lon":100},39.52963,-119.8138,[102],{"name":96,"role":92,"phone":93,"email":94},[104],{"name":91,"affiliation":13,"role":97},[],[],{"nct_id":4,"conditions":108,"biomarkers":110},[109],"Cardiac Arrest",[],{"nct_id":4,"found":15,"summary":112,"prompt_version":121},{"design":113,"status":114,"heading":6,"summary":115,"follow_up":116,"word_count":117,"commitments":118,"compensation":119,"drugs_mentioned":120},"This interventional study plans to enroll 2100 participants. Participants will be randomized by class or individually into different training groups.","completed","This study aims to find the best ways to teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to people who aren't medical professionals. Researchers are comparing different lengths and frequencies of CPR training, as well as various types of CPR manikins (the dummies used for practice). They also want to see how things like games and emotional engagement in training affect how well people learn and remember CPR skills. The goal is to improve CPR training so more people can help in a cardiac arrest emergency. You can join if you are a student at a participating school and haven't had previous CPR training that would be included in the analysis. The study will measure how well participants remember their CPR skills for up to four years. The current status of this study is unclear.","Your CPR skill retention will be measured for up to four years after training.",131,"You will answer questionnaires before and after training, participate in CPR training, and complete CPR skills testing.","Not stated in the trial record.",[34],"v2"]