What this trial measures

• Ages & Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (2nd Edition)Baseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of child social-emotional development is administered for the Take Root and Sprout programs. The measure includes five domains (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal-social). Scores within each domain range from 0 to 60 with higher scores reflecting typical development.

• Mindful Self-Care ScaleBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of participants' self-care strategies, in the domains of physical care, mindful relaxation, and supportive living and work enivronments and schedules, is administered for the Take Root program. Domain scores range from 1 to 4 with higher scores indicating greater engagement in self-care.

• National Survey of Early Childhood Health - Discipline ItemsBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of participants discipline practices is administered for the Take Root and Sprout programs. Item scores range from 1 to 4 with higher scores reflecting more frequent use of the stated discipline practice.

• Parental Stress ScaleBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of parenting stress is administered for the Take Root, Sprout, Grow, and Branch Out programs. Scores range from 7 to 35 with higher scores indicating greater stress.

• Parenting Sense of Competence ScaleBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of parenting efficacy and satisfaction is administered for the Take Root, Sprout, Grow, and Branch Out programs. For the efficacy domain, scores range from 9 to 54. For the satisfaction domain, scores range from 7 to 42. Higher scores indicate greater efficacy and satisfaction.

• Positive Behavior ScaleBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of positive child behavior, which assesses the domains of social competence, compliance, and autonomy, is administered for the Take Root and Sprout programs. Domain scores range from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating more positive behavior.

• Protective Factors SurveyBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of protective factors for child maltreatment, which includes family functioning, emotional support, concrete support, and nurturing and attachment, is administered for the Take Root and Sprout programs. Scores for each factor range from 1 to 7 with higher scores reflecting greater protection.

• Co-Viewing Media & Screen Time RecallBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of participants' co-viewing behavior with their child and their child's screen time is administered for the Sprout program. Participants separately record the amount of time, in minutes and hours, they spend co-viewing media with their child and their child's screen time. The lower bound for the measure is 0, and there is no specific upper bound. Higher scores reflect greater time spent co-viewing media and greater screen time.

• Outdoor Time RecallBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of a child's time spent playing outdoors is administered for the Sprout and Grow programs. Participants record, in minutes and hours, the amount of time their child spends playing outside. The lower bound is 0, and there is no specific upper bound. Higher scores reflect greater time spent playing outdoors.

• Parenting Scale - Short FormBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of the participants' discipline orientation, which involves the domains of over-reactivity and laxness, is administered for the Sprout and Grow programs. Domain scores range from 1 to 7 with higher scores indicating greater over-reactivity or laxness.

• Parenting Young Children ScaleBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of participants' positive parenting practices, which includes the domains of supporting good behavior, setting limits, and proactive parenting, is administered for the Sprout program. Domain scores range from 7 to 49 with higher scores indicating more frequent engagement in positive parenting practices.

• Strengths & Difficulties QuestionnaireBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of a child's behavior, which includes the domains of conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems, emotional symptoms, and prosocial behavior, is administered for the Sprout, Grow, and Branch Out programs. Domain scores range from 0 to 10. For domains related to externalizing and internalizing behaviors, higher scores indicate more problematic functioning. For the prosocial domain, higher scores indicate greater positive functioning.

• Alabama Parenting Questionnaire - 9Baseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of participants' parenting behavior, which assesses the domains of positive parenting, inconsistent discipline, and poor parental monitoring, is administered for the Grow and Branch Out programs. Domain scores range from 1 to 5 with higher scores reflecting more frequent positive parenting, inconsistent discipline, and poor parental monitoring.

• Feeding Practices & Structure QuestionnaireBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of the feeding behaviors and environment participants use with their children is administered for the Grow program. The specific domains assessed include using food as a reward for behavior and using rewards to encourage eating. Domain scores range from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating more problematic feeding practices.

• Healthy Habits IndexBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of participants encouragement and support of healthy habits in their children is administered for the Grow program. Scores ranges from 1 to 5 with higher scores reflecting greater engagement in healthy behaviors.

• Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting ScaleBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of participants use of mindfulness in their parenting is administered for the Grow program. Scores range from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating greater incorporation of mindful practices in participants' parenting approach.

• Parental Emotional Styles QuestionnaireBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of participants use of emotion regulation orientation is administered for the Grow program. Scores range from 1 to 5 with higher scores reflecting an emotion-coaching, as opposed to an emotion-avoidant, parenting style.

• Socialization of Coping QuestionnaireBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of participants encouragement of their child's development of different coping strategies, which includes the domains of primary control engagement and cognitive restructuring, is administered for the Grow program. Domain scores range from 1 to 5 with higher scores reflecting greater encouragment of the indicated coping strategy.

• Family Assessment Device - General FunctioningBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of general family functioning is administered for the Branch Out program. Scores range from 1 to 4 with higher scores reflecting worse family functioning.

• Parent-Adolescent Communication ScaleBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of parent-adolescent communication, which assesses the domains of open and problematic communication, is administered for the Branch Out program. Domain scores range from 1 to 5 with higher scores in each domain indicating more open and problematic communication patterns.

• Targeted Parent-Child Communication about Substances ScaleBaseline (2 weeks before intervention start), up to 6 weeks after intervention start, and 6 months after intervention end

  This measure of the participants communication with their child about substances is administered for the Branch Out program. Scores range from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating more explicit or intentional communication about substance use.