What this trial measures

• Sense of SmellBaseline

  Olfactory Testing will be assessed using the NIH Toolbox Odor Identification cards. After scratching a card and sniffing from each sample, respondents will be asked to choose the best match for each odor from pictures representing the odor sources.

• Blood PressureBaseline

  Blood Pressure will be measured in the sitting position using an automated blood pressure monitor. After sitting blood pressure measurements, participants will be asked to stand up to measure standing blood pressure.

• Street AddressBaseline

  Geographic information systems will assign a geocode to each participant's home address, providing latitude, and longitude coordinates based on the provided street address.

• Ankle Brachial IndexBaseline

  The Ankle Brachial Index will be noninvasively assessed using the Smartdop XT device (Koven Technology, Inc.).

• Pulse Wave VelocityBaseline

  Arterial stiffness will be measured non-invasively with the Sphygmocor XCEL device (AtCor Medical).

• Flow- mediated dilationBaseline

  The flow-mediated change in brachial artery diameter (i.e. flow-mediated dilation; FMD), in response to a 5-minute period of arterial occlusion will be used to assess peripheral vascular function.

• Steps takenBaseline

  A wrist-worn continuous activity tracker (Fitbit wristband) will be worn by the subjects for 7 days.

• Sedentary TimeBaseline

  A wrist-worn continuous activity tracker with heart rate monitor (Fitbit wristband) will be worn by the subjects for 7 days.

• SleepBaseline

  A wrist-worn continuous activity tracker (Fitbit) will be worn by the subjects for 7 days to assess total sleep time, and sleep quality.

• Medical History QuestionnaireBaseline

  Participants will complete health history questionnaires to gain a deeper understanding of their lived experiences and past medical history.

• Complete blood countBaseline

  Venous blood will be drawn by a trained phlebotomist and/or nurse in the fasting state. Blood will be shipped to LabCorp for processing of the complete blood count.

• Functional MobilityBaseline

  Objective gait measurements will be obtained using a gait mat. Participants will complete 6 separate walks down the full length of the walkway; 3 walks at a preferred pace and 3 walks while performing different secondary tasks (i.e. dual-task gait) in a fixed order: 1. counting backward by ones, 2. naming animals, and 3. counting backward by sevens. Walking aids will be permitted.

• Cognitive FunctionBaseline

  Cognitive function will be assessed using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB), administered on an iPad or computer by a trained study team member.

• Lower extremity functionBaseline

  Participants will perform the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The test includes walking, the sit-to-stand test and balance.

• Grip strengthBaseline

  Grip strength will be measured following a standardized approach using a validated Jamar handgrip dynamometer (Model J00105, JAMAR Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer).

• Bone DensityBaseline

  Participants will undergo Dual X-Ray Absorbency (DEXA) to measure bone density.

• Interstitial glucoseBaseline

  A continuous glucose monitor that measures interstitial glucose will be worn by the subject for 7 days.

• Body CompositionBaseline

  Participants will undergo Dual X-Ray Absorbency (DEXA) to measure subcutaneous and visceral fat content.

• Ambulatory blood pressureBaseline

  A wrist worn continuous blood pressure monitor (Aktiia wristband) will be worn by the subjects for 7 days for the measurement of ambulatory blood pressure.

• Exercise CapacityBaseline

  Exercise Capacity will be assessed using the six-minute walk test.

• Blood lipidsBaseline

  Venous blood will be drawn and shipped to Labcorp for blood lipid analysis

• Metabolic Panel (blood)Baseline

  Venous blood will be drawn and shipped to labcorp for evaluation of the metabolic panel.

• Apolipoprotein ABaseline

  Measured by labcrop from venous blood draw.

• Apolipoprotein BBaseline

  Analyzed by labcorp from venous blood draw.

• Lipoprotein ABaseline

  Analyzed by labcorp from venous blood draw

• Blood checmistry panelBaseline

  Analyzed by labcorp from venous blood draw

• HbA1C (blood)Baseline

  Analyzed by labcorp from venous blood draw

• High sensitivity C reactive protein (blood)Baseline

  Analyzed by labcorp from venous blood draw

• Genetic testingBaseline

  Whole blood (approximately 25 ml) will be stored in special tubes that preserve genetic material in our -80ºC freezer. Genetic testing experiments, including targeted single variants, single gene testing, genetic panel testing, whole genome sequencing, chromosomal testing, gene expression and biochemical testing, may be performed on the samples.