Whole Fruit and Blood Sugar in Type 2 Diabetes

This study is looking at how eating whole fruit affects blood sugar levels, liver fat, and heart health in adults with type 2 diabetes who are not taking insulin. Participants will gradually increase the amount of whole fruit they eat over 6.5 weeks until 50% of their daily calories come from whole fruit, and then continue this for the rest of the 17-week study. Researchers will measure your 24-hour and 3-hour blood sugar levels, as well as 3-hour insulin levels, to see the effects. You may be able to join if you are at least 18 years old, have type 2 diabetes with an HbA1c between 6.5-12.0%, and a fasting C-peptide level of 0.5 ng/ml or higher. The study is currently recruiting about 25 participants.

Study design
This is an interventional study with about 25 participants. It will test the effects of consuming whole fruit over 17 weeks.
What's involved
You would gradually increase your whole fruit intake over 6.5 weeks, then maintain a high whole fruit diet for the remaining study period. Blood sugar and insulin levels will be measured at the beginning and at week 17.
Compensation
Not stated in the trial record.
Follow-up
Your blood sugar and insulin levels will be measured at the end of the 17-week study period.

AI-generated from the public study record. Only the study team can confirm whether you're eligible — confirm details with them before making decisions.

NCT07376226

Effects of Whole Fruit on Blood Sugar in People With Type 2 Diabetes

Not Yet Recruiting
NAAges 18+InterventionalTreatment
Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)
~25 participants
Updated 2026-07-07 on ClinicalTrials.gov
What's tested:Whole Fruit

At a glance

Recruiting sites
0 of 1 listed site is recruiting right now
RecruitingSuspended, closed, or not yet open
What they're measuring
Mean 24-hour Glucose Levels
Measured over Change from baseline to week 17
+8 more outcomes measured
Type 2 Diabetes
1 sites across 1 states
Massachusetts1
  • Courtney M Peterson · PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR · Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)
Kathleen Johnson Research Project Manager, MPH, RD
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Eligibility criteria

Inclusion

Aged ≥18 years
Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
HbA1c between 6.5-12.0%
Fasting C-peptide level ≥0.5 ng/ml, indicating the patient does not have beta-cell failure, as measured at screening

Exclusion

On insulin
Evidence of latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) or maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \<45 ml/min per 1.73 m²
Heart attack in the past 6 months or severe/unstable heart failure
On weight loss medication, including GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide, dulaglutide)
Change in the dosage of a chronic medication that may affect study endpoints within the past 3 months
Clinically significant laboratory abnormality (e.g., abnormal hemoglobin levels)
Significant gastrointestinal disease, major gastrointestinal surgery, or gallstones
Significant cardiovascular, renal, cardiac, liver, lung, adrenal, or nervous system disease that might compromise participant safety or data validity
Evidence of cancer (other than non-melanoma skin cancer) within the last 5 years
Lost or gained more than 5 lbs (or more than 2% of body weight if the patient weighs \>250 lbs) of weight in the past 2 months
Pregnant, planning to become pregnant in the next 6 months, or breastfeeding
Major psychiatric condition that would affect the ability to participate in the study
Not able to eat the provided study meals (e.g., food allergies)
Behavioral factors or circumstances that may impede adherence to the dietary intervention
Not able to undergo the MRI scan (e.g., due to claustrophobia, implanted metal objects, or body girth ≥60 cm)
  • Mean 24-hour Glucose LevelsChange from baseline to week 17

    Average 24-hour interstitial glucose levels (mg/dl), as measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). If needed, data will be adjusted for any changes in antihyperglycemic medication use, using the medication effect score (MES).

  • Mean 3-hour Glucose LevelsChange from baseline to week 17

    Mean glucose (mg/dl) during a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

  • Mean 3-hour InsulinChange from baseline to week 17

    Mean insulin (mU/l) during a 3-hour OGTT

  • Mean 3-hour C-PeptideChange from baseline to week 17

    Mean C-Peptide (ng/ml) during a 3-hour OGTT

  • Insulin SensitivityChange from baseline to week 17

    Insulin sensitivity (dl/kg/min/μU/ml) during a 3-hour OGTT, as measured by the Oral C-Peptide Minimal Model

  • Dynamic Beta-Cell ResponsivityChange from baseline to week 17

    Phi\_dynamic during a 3-hour OGTT, as measured by the Oral C-Peptide Minimal Model (which is a set of 5 coupled differential equations; see reference under Citations). Phi\_dynamic is a measure of beta-cell responsiveness during first-phase insulin secretion. It is a dimensionless index (arbitrary units), where higher values denote greater insulin secretion

  • Static Beta-Cell ResponsivityChange from baseline to week 17

    Phi\_static during a 3-hour OGTT, as measured by the Oral C-Peptide Minimal Model (which is a set of 5 coupled differential equations; see reference under Citations). Phi\_static is a measure of beta-cell responsiveness during second-phase insulin secretion. The units of measure are min\^-1, and higher values denote greater insulin secretion.

  • Glycemic VariabilityChange from baseline to week 17

    Measures of glucose variability derived from continuous glucose monitoring, including mean amplitude of glycemic excursions and standard deviation (mg/dl).

  • Time-in-range Metrics from CGMChange from baseline to week 17

    Standard time-in-range metrics, including time-below-range (TBR), time-in-range (TIR), and time-above-range (TAR), as standardized by the International Consensus on Time in Range. Values will be reported as percentages of the 24-hour day.