The Breakfast Study: How Different Aspects of Food Affect Eating

This study, called "The Breakfast Study," is looking at how different types of food, especially how they are processed, affect how full you feel. Researchers want to see if eating a breakfast made mostly of ultra-processed foods (UPF) or minimally processed foods (MPF) changes your feeling of fullness. You would eat one type of breakfast during your first visit and the other type during your second visit. The main goal is to measure the difference in how full you feel using a special scale. This study is for healthy individuals between 18 and 50 years old who regularly eat breakfast and are not allergic to the study foods. Forty people are planned to join this study.

Study design
This interventional study plans to enroll 40 healthy individuals. Participants will receive either an UPF breakfast or an MPF breakfast at two separate visits.
What's involved
You would attend two in-person visits on a weekday and/or Saturday. During these visits, you will be provided with different types of breakfast.
Compensation
Not stated in the trial record.
Follow-up
Your feeling of fullness will be measured at Day 1 and Day 15.

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NCT07525050

The Breakfast Study: How Different Aspects of Food Affect Eating

Recruiting
NAAges 18–50Interventional
USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center
~40 participants
Updated 2026-06-11 on ClinicalTrials.gov
What's tested:UPF breakfast/MPF breakfastMPF breakfast/UPF breakfast

At a glance

Recruiting sites
1 of 1 listed site is recruiting right now
RecruitingSuspended, closed, or not yet open
What they're measuring
Difference in satiety as determined by visual analogue scales (VAS)
Measured over Day 1, Day 15
Healthy Individuals
1 sites across 1 states
North Dakota1
  • Julie Hess, PhD · PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR · USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center

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Eligibility criteria

Inclusion

do not have restrictive eating practices
regularly consume breakfast
able to understand and sign the consent form
have own transportation to the research center
not allergic to study foods or unwilling to eat them
willing to comply with study demands
able to read and understand English
available to attend two in-person visits on a weekday and/or Saturday morning from 7:15 a.m. to 12:15 p.m.

Exclusion

taking statins, medication to lower blood pressure, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, or weight-loss medications
pregnant, lactating, or planning to become pregnant
diagnosed with an eating disorder, hypothyroidism, or cancer
allergy to study foods or express unwillingness to consume them
have gained or lost more than 10 pounds in the last 3 months
regular participants in vigorous endurance or resistance exercise (e.g., marathons, endurance bike races, triathlons, CrossFit, powerlifting)
  • Difference in satiety as determined by visual analogue scales (VAS)Day 1, Day 15

    Participants will complete visual analogue scales (VAS) on satiety measures during each study visit. VAS are represented by 100mm lines anchored at each end by descriptive extremes. For satiety, these extremes are statements about desire to eat (very weak; very strong), hunger (not hungry; as hungry as I've ever felt), fullness (not full; totally full), satisfied (completely empty; cannot eat another bite), prospective consumption (not at all; a large amount). Participants indicate via marks on the VAS line the extent to which they experience each sensation at a given timepoint. Measurements are tracked across time and plotted on a graph from baseline to the time preceding the next meal and the area under the curve above the baseline measurement is calculated.